วันจันทร์ที่ 26 มีนาคม พ.ศ. 2555

รายชื่อกิริยาวลีและคำนิยาม Phrasal Verbs & Definitions ( B-D)

2. Phrasal Verbs B-D(101-200)

101  
buzz off
To go away or to tell someone to go away.

be buzzing with
To have an air of excitement or purposeful activity.

102
calculate on
To depend on an essential element in one’s plans to succeed.

103
call at
(Train, coach, etc.) to stop at a station.

call back
To return a telephone call received earlier in one’s absence, e.g. She didn’t leave her number, so I couldn’t call back.


To be asked to return, e.g. I was on leave but my boss called me back for some urgent matter.


To visit someone when you happen to be in the same area.


To appeal or demand publicly for something, especially equal rights.


To evoke a quality so that it can be used.


To telephone a place to inform about something, e.g. A rescue team was called in to reach the trapped miners.


To telephone one’s working place to inform one is sick.


To ask someone to see you for a particular purpose, e.g. The villagers are considering calling the game warden in to deal with the elephants which have been trampling and destroying their crops.


To decide officially that something should be stopped after it has already started, e.g. to call off a football match due to heavy rain.


To pay a brief visit to someone.


To request someone to do something for you.

call on/up
To select someone to play in the national sports team, e.g. He was called up for the game against Brazil.


To call someone by telephone, e.g. He called me up at midnight to wish me happy new year.

call up
To officially order someone to join the armed services, e.g. He was called up for training for a possible war against a neighbouring country.

104
calm … down
To make or become tranquil and quiet, e.g. The doctor had to inject her with tranquilizer in order to calm her down.


(Situation) to become less confused or violent, e.g. The sea calmed down when the weather ceased to be windy after a heavy shower.

105
camp out
To sleep outdoors in a tent.

106
cancel … out
To neutralize or negate the effect of something so that it remains the same.

107
capitalize on
To take the chance to gain as much advantage as you can

108
care for
To look after and provide for the needs of someone who is not able to look after themselves, e.g. His wife has been caring for him since his discharge from the hospital.


To like to have something, e.g. care for a coffee?

109
(get) carried away
To lose self-control.

carry … forward
To move figures to the next page in accounts.


To keep something to use or deal with at a later time.


To do something difficult successfully.


To forcibly take someone away.


To continue an activity or task despite the difficulty, e.g. She finds it hard to accept the fact that her husband has left her for another woman, but she still managed to carry on with her life


To continue moving in the same direction, e.g. It’s of great urgency that they carry straight on the highway to reach their destination by tonight.


To behave in an overemotional way, e.g. She carried on complaining in a bad-tempered way despite her spouse’s apologies and his insistence that he didn’t mean what she thought he meant.


To be engaged in a love affair with someone.


To perform a planned operation or a task that needs to be done, e.g. They carried out his instructions to draw up plans for the next phase.


To move or transport someone or something from one place to another, e.g. They carried the injured player out of the playing area.


To extend beyond the normal or original area of application.

carry over
To be used or dealt with in a new context;


To bring something forward; postpone.


To complete something successfully.

110
cart … off
To take someone or something away.

111
carve … out
To develop a career, reputation, etc. through painstaking effort.


To divide up something ruthlessly into separate parts for sharing.


To recklessly overtake another driver.

112
cash in
To take advantage of or exploit a situation.

cash … in
To convert an insurance policy, savings account, etc. into money; to take advantage of or exploit a situation.


To total up the day’s takings received in a shop for checking.

113
cast about
To search far and wide.

cast aside
To get rid of something or someone whom you no longer like or who are of no more use.


To be stranded after a shipwreck.


To feel depressed.


To get rid of something or someone.


To free a boat or ship from its moorings.


To take the last stitches off the needle in knitting.


To let loose a hunting hound or hawk.


To make the first row of a specified number of loops on the needle.


To force something or someone to go away, e.g. an exorcist who casts out demons.


To bring something (by the sea) onto the shore.

114
catch at
To try to take hold of something.

catch on
(A practice or fashion) to become popular, e.g. A style may catch on in some countries or areas, but not in others.


To begin to understand something, e.g. When one understands something better, it is easier to catch on.


To discover that someone is lying or has done something wrong.


To put someone in a difficult position because they are not ready to deal with it.


To improve so much that you are now on a par with other people in your class, group, etc., e.g. After a long absence from class due to illness, he finds it hard to catch up.


To do what needs to be done because you have not done it earlier.


To meet up with someone whom one has not seen for some time.


To finally find someone who has done something wrong and on the run.

115
cater for/to
To provide with what is needed or required.

cater to
To satisfy a need or demand.

116
cave in
To fall inwards or collapse; to give in.

117
centre around
To have something as a major concern or interest.

centre in
To occur mainly in or around something.

centre on/upon
To pay more attention on someone or something more than on someone or something else.

118
chalk … up
To succeed in getting something, e.g. points in a game; to record something.

119
chance on/upon
To find something or meet someone by accident or unexpectedly.

120
change around
To shift things from one position to another.

change down/up
To engage a lower/higher gear in a vehicle.

change into
To become something different.

121
chase up
To tell someone do something more quickly because it has been taking too long.

122
chat … up
To talk to someone in a way that demonstrates sexual attraction.

123
cheat on
To be unfaithful to one’s spouse by secretly engaging in sexual activities with someone else, e.g. Jill threw Jack out of her house after she discovered Jack cheating on her.


To act dishonestly to gain a personal advantage, e.g. He was suspended from the exam after he was caught cheating on it.

124
check in
To arrive and register at a hotel or airport.

check … in
To return a book to a library; to have one’s baggage weighed.


To register one’s arrival at a hotel.


To mark an item on a list to show that it has been dealt with.


To monitor and make sure something is accurate or properly done, or that someone is safe and well.


To find out the truth of something, e.g. We checked out a couple of restaurants and confirm their services are reasonably good and prices reasonable.

check out
To settle one’s hotel bill and leave, e.g. We check out before noon.


To pay for one’s items to the cashier, e.g. I decided not to buy my one item because of the long queues waiting to check out.


To find out if someone or something is suitable for a particular purpose, e.g. They routinely checked applicants out before accepting them.


To examine or look closely at someone or something to ensure they are acceptable.


To ascertain the suitability, accuracy or truth of someone or something.


To ensure that someone or something is safe and well.

125
cheer up
To become or make someone less unhappy.

cheer … up
To make or become less miserable.

cheer … on
To shout encouragement in support of a person or team in a race or competition.

126
chew on
To think about something carefully for a long time.

chew out
To express strong disapproval to someone of what they have done.


To consider carefully about something for a period of time.


To bite repeatedly on something, especially to facilitate swallowing.

127
chicken out
To be too scared to do something, e.g. He was invited to speak at the annual dinner, but he chickened out.

128
chill out
To calm down and relax completely.

129
chip … away
To remove something little by little.

chip away at
To gradually and relentlessly make something smaller, weaker or less effective.


To interrupt a conversation to add in more information or detail; to contribute one’s share in a group.


To remove something in small pieces, e.g. chipping old paint off the door.

130
choke … back
To suppress one’s emotions, e.g. choke back the tears.

choke … down
To eat with difficulty.

choke off
To prevent someone from doing something or stop something happening.


To be very unhappy or worried about something.

131
chop … down
To fell a tree by cutting it.

chop … off
To separate something from another by cutting it.

chop … up
To cut into small pieces, e.g. They chop up some firewood to make a fire.

132
chow down
To eat.

133
chuck away/out
To throw something away.

chuck … in
To give up or stop doing something, e.g. chuck one’s job in.

chuck … out
To expel someone from a place, e.g. got chucked out of the club.


To vomit.

134
churn out
To produce something in large quantities without caring about quality.


To damage the surface of something.


To make someone upset, nervous or angry.

135
clam up
To suddenly stop talking because of some reason.

136
clamp down
To take firm action to prevent something happening.

137
claw at
To scratch or tear at someone or something with the claws or fingernails.


To gradually regain something by working very hard.

138
clean … out
To make a place tidy and free from dirt, e.g. We cleaned our new house out thoroughly before we moved in.


To steal all the contents from a place, e.g. Burglars completely cleaned our glass cases out of all the antique jewellery.


To cause someone to spend all their money, e.g. My medical bill really cleaned me out.


To take all of someone’s money or possessions.


To make something completely clean and tidy.


To make a substantial gain or profit.

139
clear away
To make a place look tidy by removing remains of a meal from the table or putting things back where they belong.


To go away quickly from a place.


To leave a place quickly, e.g. Police cleared people out of the cinema after receiving a call that a bomb had been planted inside.


To tidy a place by disposing of something, e.g. We haven’t cleared the storeroom out for ages.


(Something) to get better or disappear, e.g. when weather clears up, it gets better or if an illness clears up, it disappears.

clear up
To make a place tidy by removing unwanted items, e.g. The child has been warned repeatedly to clear his toys up after his father stepped on one and broke it into pieces.


To explain something that is hard to understand, e.g. Most find the instructions difficult to understand, but further explanations cleared everything up.

clear ... up
To cure something such as an infection, etc., e.g. The regular intake of medicine has cleared my sore throat up.


(Weather) to become clear, e.g. The sky had been full of dark clouds since morning, but by afternoon it cleared up,

140
cleave to
To still regard a belief, etc. as true when it is not.

141
click on
To begin a computer operation by pressing on the computer mouse button.

142
climb down
To make an ignominious withdrawal from a position taken up.

143
cling to
To hold tightly to a belief, idea, etc.

144
clock in/out
To record on a special card using an automatic recording clock one’s time of arrival at or departure from work.


To reach a particular number or amount, especially the number of flight hours a pilot has attained to date.

145
clog up
To be become blocked, e.g. The drain was so clogged up that water and material inside flows over its edges.

146
close down
To stop broadcasting (television station at the end of the day), or doing business permanently (shop, company, etc.)


To move closer to someone or something, e.g. the police close in to make an arrest or a pack of wolves closing in to kill their prey.


To close a place for a specified reason, e.g. a road is closed off for repair.


To be closed to the public temporarily, e.g. a building closes up for a particular reason.

147
cloud over
(Sky) to become full of clouds or black clouds.

148
club together
To share the cost of something by combining with others to collect a sum of money.

149
clue … in
To inform someone about something.

150
clump together
To form a group or solid mass.

151
clutch at
To seize something eagerly or in desperation, especially at an idea or when one is in a dangerous situation.

152
cobble … together
To quickly make or assemble something that is useful but not perfect, e.g. cobbled together a ceasefire agreement; cobbled together a tent from some pieces of strings and a big sheet.

153
cock … up
To spoil or ruin something.

154
comb … out
To search for pieces of information, e.g. Policemen comb out the entire area looking for evidence.


To make hair straight and smooth by combing; to exclude unwanted members from a group.


To search through a wide area or a lot of objects for information, e.g. policemen comb through the field looking for the murder weapon.

155
come about
To happen, e.g. How does it come about that he was once my good friend, but now ignores me completely?


(Ship) to change direction.

come across
To meet or find by accident or by chance, e.g. While making a boat trip up the river, we came across a hippopotamus.


To exude an emotion or quality, e.g. He comes across as being boastful.

come after
To go in search of someone, e.g. the police are coming after him for having involved in a robbery.


To follow someone, e.g. I will come along with you.


To want to go with someone, e.g. “Can I come along with you?”


To break or separate into pieces or parts, e.g. They forgot to staple my papers and when the wind blew them off my hand, they came apart and flew in different directions.


To make a visit to someone, e.g. You can come around in the evening;


To regain consciousness, e.g. He came around three hours after the accident.


To approach someone in a threatening manner.

come at
To be left with a specified feeling, e.g. He came away feeling satisfied. To become separated from something, e.g. The lens came away from the spectacle.

come away
To reply in a quick and forceful way, e.g. “I am not coming back!”


To return to where one comes from, e.g. Some of the tourists vowed to come back to this beautiful resort in the near future.


(Physical condition) to recur, e.g. He could hardly sleep at night as his backache has come back.


To become popular again, e.g. Rumour has it that bell-bottoms will come back in the next season.


To appear before a person or group in authority, e.g. He feels nervous when he comes before the judge.


To avoid something from disturbing, e.g. I do not allow anything to come between my study and me.


To obtain something that is hard to get, e.g. I haven’t found a job which is hard to come by these days.

come between
To get lower, e.g. Prices once go up, hardly come down.


To punish or criticize someone severely, e.g. The police have pledged to come down hard on those who park their cars illegally.


To amount to, e.g. Getting along with people comes down to having a give-and-take attitude.


To get from higher to lower level or from North to South, e.g. He is unable to come down to stay with his parents this Christmas due to some personal problems.

come down on 
To become afflicted with an illness, e.g. The weather has caused many residents in the area to come down with influenza.


To arrive to collect someone or something, e.g. I’ve come for my books which I left behind this morning.


To volunteer oneself for something such as to be a vigilante, etc.


To be from a place where one was born or is/was living.


To be a source from which something originates.


To arrive, e.g. The ten o’clock train came in ten minutes earlier.


To enter, e.g. As soon as they arrived they came straight in.


To attain a particular position, e.g. She came in first in the race this morning.


(Tide) to rise, e.g. Let’s go to the beach, the tide is coming in.

come from
To be available when needed, e.g. The tool kit has come in handy before, let’s not forget it.


To receive a reaction such as criticism, etc., e.g. The head of police comes in for some criticism for the way the police conducted the investigation.

come in
To inherit money or property.


To result from something, e.g. The police combed the entire area but nothing came of their attempts to find the murder weapon.


To separate oneself or itself from something, e.g. The sole came off one of my shoes.


To produce a good or bad result, e.g. The trip didn’t come off the way we expected.


(Something) to take place or happen, e.g. The whole city has been plunged into darkness and the residents are still waiting for the light to come on.

come into 
To meet or discover someone or something by chance, e.g. We came upon a couple of our former classmates whom we have not seen for a long time.


To begin a television or radio program, e.g. What time does that television documentary come on? I want to watch it.


To feel an illness, etc. happening, e.g. I can feel a sore throat coming on as my throat is getting itchier by the minute.


To use it to encourage or correct someone, to hurry them up or tell them not to lie, e.g. Come on, you can do better than that. / Come on, surely you don’t believe the Earth is flat. / Come on, the train is not going to wait for you. / Come on, don’t bullshit.

come off
To enquire one’s position, well-being, progress, etc. e.g. How is your journalism course coming on?


To make sexual advances towards someone, e.g. Jack always comes on to Jill whenever he sees her, and Jill deeply resents it.

come on/upon
To leave a place such as a house, room, etc., e.g. She came out of the room and surprised everyone who thought she had gone out.


(Facts, information, etc.) to become known to the public, e.g. When the report came out, many were surprised that it laid the blame on the engineer for the collapse of the bridge.


To make something such as a book, musical recording, movie, etc. available to the public, e.g. A paperback edition of the book will come out at the end of this month.


To remove dirt and stains, e.g. Stains on his shirt easily came out when he used some detergent.


To attain a placing in an examination.


To say publicly one is for or against something, e.g. More and more people have come out in support of the ban on smoking in restaurants.


(Sun, moon, stars, planets, etc.) to make their appearance in the sky.


(Skin) to break out in spots, rash, etc.


To suddenly or unexpectedly pass a rude comment.

come out
To make a visit to someone’s house, e.g. They usually come over to granny’s house on weekend.


(Someone) to move to where I am from where they are, e.g. Almost every weekend he comes over to my place and we go out together.


To suddenly experience a strong feeling, e.g. I have this strange feeling coming over me that violent argument will erupt in the meeting tomorrow.


To migrate from another country, e.g. Their grandparents came over from the East.


To visit someone, e.g. They regularly come round to a neighbour’s house for a game of cards.

come out in
(Event) to recur, e.g. New Year’s day is coming round again.


To change one’s point of view and become agreeable to something.


To regain consciousness, e.g. He coughs slightly, and the others are delighted he is coming round.


(News, information, etc.) to become known, e.g. News of the snowstorm comes through regularly and people expect the worst as they tune in to it.


To live through a dangerous situation, e.g. The bus he was travelling in swerved into a ravine killing some passengers but he came through completely unscathed.


To be waiting to receive an important document, approval, etc., e.g. The big cheque we have been waiting for has finally come through.


To regain consciousness, e.g. He came to hours after he was admitted to the hospital.


To reach a total amount, e.g. The total of these items comes to $60.60.


To have an idea, thought, etc., e.g. The idea came to me when I was in the shower.


To be attacked or shot at, e.g. As soon as the group of commandos landed on the beach, they came under attack from enemy fire.


To fall within a particular article, section of the law, etc., e.g. the offence comes under Section 34(B) of the penal code.


To approach someone, e.g. A stranger came up to me and asked for the time.


To draw near, e.g. The annual fun fair is coming up soon.


(Sun, moon, etc.) To rise, e.g. The sun was coming up by the time I woke up.


To move northward, e.g. They come up all the way to Alaska to visit me.


To move up the social ladder, e.g. He has really come up from his early days as an office clerk to his present position as marketing director.


(Something such as a problem, difficulty, etc.) to happen suddenly, e.g. He couldn’t attend the long-awaited annual dinner because something important has suddenly come up.


To cope with opposition, difficulty, problems, etc., e.g. Their chances of winning the next round are not good, having to come up against such a strong opponent.


To produce idea, suggestion, answer, etc., e.g. He was the only one who could come up with all the correct answers to the questions.

156
complain of
To express that one is suffering physically or from an illness.

157
con … into
To trick or deceive someone into doing something, e.g. He was conned into paying excessively for a watch which was a cheap imitation.


To deceive someone to give one something, e.g. He conned a number of old people out of large sums of money.

158
concentrate on
To focus all your attention on something.

159
condole with
To express sympathy for someone.

160
conduce to
To help to produce a particular quality or state.

161
cone … off
To close part of a road by using traffic cones.

162
confide in
To tell someone about a personal secret or private matter in confidence.


To entrust something to the care of someone.

163
conjure … up
To bring an image to one’s mind.


To call upon a spirit to appear by means of a magic ritual.

164
conk out
(Car, machine, etc.) to break down.

165
connect … up
To join something to something else, e.g. the telephone is connected to the telephone network.

166
consist  in
To be based on or depend on something.

consist of
To be composed of.

167
contend for
To engage in a struggle or campaign to achieve something.

contend with
To deal with difficulties or an unpleasant situation.

168
contract in
To choose to be involved in.

contract out
To choose not to take part in something.

contract … out
To arrange for work to be done by a person or company outside your own organization.

169
cook … up
To prepare a quick meal; to invent a clever or devious story or excuse.

170
cool down
To become cool or cooler.

cool off
To return to normal temperature after being hot, e.g. It usually cools off in the evening.


To make someone or something cooler, e.g. He had a cold shower to cool off his body.


To become calm after being angry, e.g. His temper should have cooled off by now.

171
coop … up
To confine someone in a small space.

172
cop off
To meet and start a sexual relationship with someone.

cop out
To avoid doing something that one is supposed to do.

cop to
To accept or admit to something.

173
copy … out
To write exactly the same thing as it is written somewhere else.

174
cordon … off
To seal off an area to prevent access to it by the public.

175
cotton on
To begin to understand.

cotton to
To begin to like or have a liking for someone or something.

176
cough up
To give something, especially money, unwillingly.

177
count … as
To consider or regard someone or something in a particular way.


To record the time passing until an important event happens.


To include/not include someone in a planned activity.


To depend on someone or something, e.g. He is counting on his secretary to prepare a good acceptance speech for him.


To count up to ten seconds when a boxer is knocked down to conclude defeat.


To put in or take out items one by one as you count them for recording.


To determine the total of something or someone.

178
couple with
To combine to produce a particular result

179
cover for
To temporarily take over the duties or role of someone.

cover oneself
To take precautions against future blame or liability.

cover up
To hide or protect something by putting something on top of it, e.g. Look at the fly on the buns, why are they not covered up?


To prevent a wrongful act or crime from being known by denying or hiding the evidence, e.g. The whole affair was covered up to protect certain important people.


To wear thick clothing or use blanket to keep warm, e.g. I need to buy an electric blanket to cover me up in this cold weather.

180
crack down on
To take stricter measures to deal with certain problems, e.g. The local authority has decided to crack down hard on illegal parking.


To work incessantly in order to complete a job.


To burst or cause someone to burst into laughter.


To become mentally disturbed.

181
crank … out
To produce something regularly and routinely.

crank … up
To increase the intensity of something.

182
cream … off
To choose and take away the best people or things from a group.

183
crease up
To burst or make someone burst out laughing.

184
creep up on
To surprise someone by appearing behind them suddenly.


To seem to come sooner than expected, especially an anniversary.


(A feeling for someone, idea, etc.) to gradually increase when it creeps on you.

185
crop out
(Rock) to appear or be exposed at the surface of the earth.

crop up
To appear or occur suddenly and unexpectedly.

186
cross … off
To delete an item on a list, e.g. Jill crossed a wrong item off the shopping list and ended up short of one vital ingredient.


To delete a word, etc. by drawing a line through it.

187
crowd … out
To take the place of someone or something by forcing them out.

188
crush up
To squeeze with others into a small space

189
cry off
To break a promise to do something.

cry out
To shout out in pain or of fear.

190
cuddle up
To lie or sit very close to someone or something.

191
culminate in
To reach a climax or the highest point of development.

192
curl up
To sit or lie with arms and legs bent close to body.

193
cuss … out
To swear and shout at someone out of anger.

194
cut across
To take the shortest way, e.g. If we cut across this terrain we’ll arrive there before dusk.


To remove what is irrelevant or unnecessary, e.g. Just cut away all those unnecessary details and come to the point will you?


To reduce on something such as money, time, etc., e.g. We have to cut back on the number of days we are away on holiday as it is getting more expensive.

cut back
To do or use something less, e.g. Jack was advised to cut back the number of hours he spends at the gym and concentrate more on his study.


To reduce one’s consumption of something.


To bring down a tree, etc. by cutting, e.g. It should be made compulsory to acquire an official permit to cut down a tree.

cut down
To kill or injure someone with a sword or gun.


To shorten the length of something such as a piece of writing, etc.


To reduce the importance of someone, e.g. Jack is a self-important, pompous little man; let’s think of a way to cut him down to size.


To suddenly drive too closely into the space in front of another vehicle.


To interrupt someone who is speaking.


To include someone in a deal with share of the profits.


To block access to a place, e.g. Heavy snowfall has cut off access to many areas in the countryside.


To stop supply of something such as electricity, water, etc., e.g. The electricity supply company has sent me a warning to pay within a week, failing which my electricity will be cut off.

cut off/cut ... off
To abruptly disconnect a telephone call.


To separate a piece from the main part by cutting, e.g. She cut off a piece of cake for her guest.


To disinherit someone, e.g. My parents threatened to cut me off their will unless I go to college.


To stop having a good relationship with someone due to some reason, e.g. After she recovered from a severe nervous breakdown, she cut herself off from her circle of close friends.


To rudely interrupt someone, e.g. I was relating a story to friends when he came in and cut me off.


To remove something or someone, e.g. The editor cut out an offending remark in a piece of news report. / The parents decided to cut him out of their will.


To remain healthy, e.g. He cuts sugary snacks and fizzy drink out of his list of items for consumption


To remove something by cutting, e.g. He’s always cutting out articles from newspapers to assist in his writing course.


(Engine) to suddenly stop working, e.g. The engine of my car suddenly cut out when I stopped at the traffic lights.


To cut something into smaller pieces, e.g. Jill is cutting an apple up to feed her birds.


To sustain multiple injuries in a road accident.


To behave in an unruly manner.

195
dally with
To think but not seriously about something.


To be involved in a casual romantic or sexual relationship with someone.

196
damp … up
To dam a river, etc.

197
damp … down
To make a fire burn less strongly.


To control or reduce something such as a feeling.

198
dash off
To leave very quickly.

dash … off
To write something hurriedly and without much thought.

199
date from/back to
To have existed since a particular time.

200
dawn on
To realize something for the first time.