NOUNS คำนาม
KINDS OF NOUNS: ชนิดของคำนาม
§ Common Nouns สามนยนาม – are names of people (e.g. man), things (e.g. books),animals (e.g. monkey) and places (church).
§ Proper Nouns วิสามานยนาม – are special names of people (e.g. George Bush), things (e.g. Financial Times), animals (e.g. King Kong) and places (e.g. Paris). A proper noun begins with a Capital Letter.
§ Abstract Nouns นามธรรมนาม – An abstract noun is the name of something that we can only think of or feel but cannot see (e.g. friendship).
§ Collective Nouns สมุหนาม – are names used for a number of people,
things or animals together and treated as one. For example: a group of friends, a bunch of bananas, a litter of puppies.
§ Countable and Uncountable Nounsนามนับได้และนามนับไม่ได้ – Countable nouns are nouns which can be counted (e.g. trees). Uncountable nouns are nouns which cannot be counted. (e.g. smoke).
Countable and Uncountable Nouns are used with the following: ใช้ดังนี้
COUNTABLE NOUN นับได้ | UNCOUNTABLE NOUN นับไม่ได้ |
a, an, a few, several, many,
|
a little, much, some, plenty of,
|
some, plenty of, a lot of,
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a lot of, a large amount of,
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a large number of
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a great deal of
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Nouns have four genders:
1. Masculine Gender เพศชาย – The masculine gender is used for all males. Example: boy, man
2. Feminine Genderเพศหญิง – The feminine gender is used for all females. Example: girl, woman
3. Common Genderเพศ ทั่วไป – The common gender is used where the noun can be both male and female. Example: cousin, friend, person, child, student
4. Neuter Genderไม่มีเพศ – The neuter gender is used for things which have no life or sex. Example: table, chair.
Singular and Plural Nouns – A noun that shows only one person (e.g. a girl), thing (e.g. pencil), animal (e.g. tiger) or place (e.g. market) is called a singular noun).
A noun that shows more than one person (e.g. girls), thing (e.g. pencils), animal (e.g. tigers) or place (e.g. markets) is called a plural noun.
How plural nouns are formed.
By adding ‘es’ to nouns ending in –ch, –s, –sh and –x.
beach
|
beaches
|
peach
|
peaches
|
branch
|
branches
|
speech
|
speeches
|
ditch
|
ditches
|
watch
|
watches
|
boss
|
bosses
|
glass
|
glasses
|
bus
|
buses
|
lens
|
lenses
|
chorus
|
choruses
|
pass
|
passes
|
brush
|
brushes
|
fish
|
fishes
|
bush
|
bushes
|
lash
|
lashes
|
dish
|
dishes
|
wish
|
wishes
|
box
|
boxes
|
hoax
|
hoaxes
|
fax
|
faxes
|
six
|
sixes
|
fox
|
foxes
|
tax
|
taxes
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By adding ‘es’ to nouns ending in –o.
buffalo
|
buffaloes
|
potato
|
potatoes
|
cargo
|
cargoes
|
mosquito
|
mosquitoes
|
echo
|
echoes
|
tomato
|
tomatoes
|
By adding ‘s’ to nouns ending in –o.
banjo
|
banjos
|
patio
|
patios
|
bamboo
|
bamboos
|
photo
|
photos
|
radio
|
radios
|
video
|
videos
|
By replacing ‘y’ with –ies.
baby
|
babies
|
lorry
|
lorries
|
fly
|
flies
|
navy
|
navies
|
hobby
|
hobbies
|
puppy
|
puppies
|
By adding ‘s’ to nouns ending in –y.
boy
|
boys
|
key
|
keys
|
day
|
days
|
toy
|
toys
|
donkey
|
donkeys
|
turkey
|
turkeys
|
By replaying ‘f’ or ‘fe’ with –ves.
calf
|
calves
|
loaf
|
loaves
|
half
|
halves
|
self
|
selves
|
life
|
lives
|
wife
|
wives
|
By adding ‘s’ to nouns ending in –f or –fe.
chief
|
chiefs
|
hoof
|
hoofs
|
dwarf
|
dwarfs
|
reef
|
reefs
|
gulf
|
gulfs
|
roof
|
roofs
|
By changing vowels.
foot
|
feet
|
louse
|
lice
|
goose
|
geese
|
tooth
|
teeth
|
mouse
|
mice
|
woman
|
women
|
Some nouns have same words for plural and singular.
aircraft
|
aircraft
|
music
|
music
|
crossroads
|
crossroads
|
series
|
series
|
furniture
|
furniture
|
sheep
|
sheep
|
Exceptional plural.
child
|
children
|
ox
|
oxen
|
crisis
|
crises
|
passer-by
|
passers-by
|
mouse
|
mice
|
radius
|
radii
|
FORMING NOUNS
Nouns can be formed from nouns, verbs and adjectives. They are formed by adding certain letters to them.
Nouns
|
Nouns
|
widow
|
widowhood
|
friend
|
friendship
|
king
|
kingdom
|
Verbs
|
Nouns
|
add
|
addition
|
fail
|
failure
|
give
|
gift
|
Adjectives
|
Nouns
|
clean
|
cleanliness
|
sad
|
sadness
|
beautiful
|
beauty
|
