Past Perfect Continuous
FORM
[had
been + present participle]
Examples:
You had been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived.
Had you been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived?
You had not been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally
arrived.
Complete
List of Past Perfect Continuous Forms
USE 1 Duration Before Something in the Past
We
use the Past Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and
continued up until another time in the past. "For five minutes" and
"for two weeks" are both durations which can be used with the Past
Perfect Continuous. Notice that this is related to the Present Perfect
Continuous; however, the duration does not continue until now, it stops before
something else in the past.
Examples:
They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived.
She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of
business.
How long had you been waiting to get on the bus?
Mike wanted to sit down because he had been standing all day at work.
James had been teaching at the university for more than a year before he left
for Asia.
A: How long had you been studying Turkish before you moved to Ankara?
B: I had not been studying Turkish very long.
USE 2 Cause of Something in the Past
Using
the Past Perfect Continuous before another action in the past is a good way to
show cause and effect.
Examples:
Jason was tired because he had been jogging.
Sam gained weight because he had been overeating.
Betty failed the final test because she had not been attending class.
Past
Continuous vs. Past Perfect Continuous
If
you do not include a duration such as "for five minutes," "for
two weeks" or "since Friday," many English speakers choose to
use the Past Continuous rather than the Past Perfect Continuous. Be careful
because this can change the meaning of the sentence. Past Continuous emphasizes
interrupted actions, whereas Past Perfect Continuous emphasizes a duration of
time before something in the past. Study the examples below to understand the
difference.
Examples:
He was tired because he was exercising so hard.
This sentence emphasizes that he was tired because he was exercising at that
exact moment.
He was tired because he had been exercising so hard.
This sentence emphasizes that he was tired because he had been exercising over
a period of time. It is possible that he was still exercising at that moment OR
that he had just finished.
REMEMBER
Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs
It
is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any
continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot
be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using Past Perfect Continuous with
these verbs, you must use Past Perfect.
Examples:
The motorcycle had been belonging to George for years before Tina bought it.
Not Correct
The motorcycle had belonged to George for years before Tina bought it. Correct
ADVERB PLACEMENT
The
examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only,
never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:
You had only been waiting there for a few minutes when she arrived.
Had you only been waiting there for a few minutes when she arrived?
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:
Chef Jones had been preparing the restaurant's fantastic dinners for two years
before he moved to Paris. Active
The restaurant's fantastic dinners had been being prepared by Chef Jones for
two years before he moved to Paris. Passive
NOTE: Passive forms of
the Past Perfect Continuous are not common.
Past
Perfect Continuous Forms
Positive
|
Negative
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Question
|
I had been listening.
You had been listening.
We had been listening.
They had been listening.
He had been listening.
She had been listening.
It had been listening.
|
I had not been listening.
You had not been listening.
We had not been listening.
They had not been
listening.
He had not been listening.
She had not been listening.
It had not been listening
|
Had I been listening?
Had you been listening?
Had we been listening?
Had they
been listening?
Had he been listening?
Had she been listening?
Had it been listening?
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